PVFO Pipe, Valves and Fittings Online
Acronym Definition
PVFO Pearle Vision Foundation Online
PVFO Pipe, Valves and Fittings Online
PVFO Politieke Vleugel van de Federatie van Agrariërs en Landarbeiders Online
PVFO Poly-Vinyl Fluoride Online
PVFO Polyvinylidene Fluoride Online
PVFO Present Value Factor Online
PVFO Pipe, Valves and Fittings Online
Plastic pipes fittings & valves, produced to EN 1452-1 to 5 :2000 standards for
the European market for the conveyance of drinking water, waste water,
chemicals, heating and cooling fluids, foodstuffs, ultra-pure liquids, slurries,
gases, compressed air and vacuum system applications. Plastic Pressure Pipe
Systems have many advantages to offer to the designer, installer and end user of
pipe systems; they are light weight, easier to install than metal piping
systems, faster to install as well as being more cost effective than metal
piping systems. They are used for both above and below ground applications. A
well installed and well maintained Plastic Pressure Pipe System could have a
life cycle of up to 50 years. This is dependent upon the medium, temperature,
chemical consistency, pressure and type of plastic pressure pipe system
selected. Plastic Pressure Pipe Systems have been in use since the 1950s.
The most common Plastic Pressure Pipe Systems are:
ABS Pipe Systems
PVC Pipe Systems uPVC Pipe Systems PVCu Pipe Systems or PVC-U Pipe Systems
PVC-C Pipe Systems
PP Pipe Systems
PE Pipe Systems or MDPE Pipe Systems
Contents [hide]
1 Selection of material
2 Materials used
3 Material characteristics
3.1 ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)
3.2 PVC-U (Polyvinyl Chloride, Unplasticized)
3.3 PVC-C (Polyvinyl Chloride, Post Chlorinated)
3.4 PP (Polypropylene)
3.5 PE (Polyethylene)
3.6 PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride)
4 Components of Plastic Pressure Pipe Systems
4.1 Pipes
4.2 Pipe fittings
4.3 Valves
4.4 Accessories
5 Connection
5.1 Solvent Cement Glue
6 Pipe support and hanging
7 Safety Factors
8 Standards and Approvals
8.1 WRAS
8.2 BSI
8.3 DIN
9 References
10 External links
Selection of material
In order to select the most suitable material for a pipe system the following
factors need to be considered:
Medium or type of fluid and its chemical composition
Operating temperature
Operating pressure
These factors are interlinked and only when all have been addressed can the
correct type of Plastic Pressure Pipe System be selected.
Materials used
ABS (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene)
PVC-U (Polyvinyl chloride, unplasticized) also known as PVCu or uPVC
PVC-C (Polyvinyl chloride, post chlorinated) also known as PVCc or cPVC
PP (Polypropylene)
PE (Polyethylene) also known as LDPE, MDPE and HDPE (see note)
PVDF (Polyvinylidene fluoride)
Note: LDPE, MDPE and HDPE = low, medium, and high density Polyethylene.
Material characteristics
ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)
ABS is suitable for the conveyance of potable water, slurries and chemicals.
Being non toxic ABS complies with the toxicological requirements of the British
Plastics Federation and the British Industrial Biological Research Association
(BIBRA) code of practice for food usage. ABS Pipe Systems are very suitable for
chilled water applications, due to its low temperature properties. ABS is also
suitable for use in compressed airline systems.
Good chemical resistance
Good abrasion resistance
Good material strength and high impact resistance
Operating temperature range -40°C to +70°C
Solvent welding
PVC-U (Polyvinyl Chloride, Unplasticized)
PVC-U has excellent chemical resistance across its operating temperature range,
with a broad band of operating pressures. Due to its long term strength
characteristics, high stiffness and cost effectiveness, PVC-U systems account
for a large proportion of plastic piping installations. PVC-U is resistant to
most solutions of acids, alkalis, salts and organic compounds miscible with
water. It is not resistant to solvents, aromatics and some chlorinated
hydrocarbons. PVC-U is not at all suitable for compressed air systems.
Environmental resistance to aggressive caustic and acidic fluids
Good abrasion resistance
Operating temperature range 0°C to +60°C
Bell-and-Spigot gasket-sealed joint
Solvent cement joint
fusion welding
PVC-C (Polyvinyl Chloride, Post Chlorinated)
PVC-C has excellent chemical resistance across its operating temperature range,
with a broad band of operating pressures. Due to its long-term strength
characteristics, high stiffness and cost effectiveness, PVC-C systems are
suitable for a wide diversity of plastic piping installations. PVC-C is
resistant to many acids, bases, salts, paraffinic hydrocarbons, halogens and
alcohols. It is not resistant to solvents, aromatics and some chlorinated
hydrocarbons.
Environmental resistance to aggressive caustic and acidic fluids
Good abrasion resistance
Operating temperature range 0°C to +90°C
Solvent welding
PP (Polypropylene)
Polypropylene is suitable for use with foodstuffs, potable and ultra pure
waters, as well as within the pharmaceutical and chemical industries.
Polypropylene is adversely affected by UV radiation and requires insulation or a
protective coating if installed outside.
Environmental resistance to most organic and inorganic chemicals
Good material strength and fatigue resistance
Operating temperature range -10°C to +110°C
Fusion Welding
PE (Polyethylene)
When compared to other plastics, PE shows excellent diffusion resistance, and
because of this property, polyethylene has been successfully used for the safe
conveyance of gases for many years. Polyethylene has good resistance to acids
and caustic substances. Resistant to organic and inorganic solvents at a wide
range of temperatures. It is not resistant to strong oxidising acids.
Resistance to acids, caustic substances, organic and inorganic solvents
Good material strength and fatigue resistance
Operating temperature range -40°C to +65°C
Mechanical compression joint up to 125mm or Fusion Welded
PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride)
PVDF has excellent chemical resistance which means that it is widely used in the
chemical industry as a piping system for aggressive liquids. PVDF is a
homopolymer without additives such as stabilisers and processing agents. It also
displays excellent flame retardant properties. PVDF is listed with many
worldwide agencies as suitable for use with foodstuffs, dairy products, in
semi-conductor and pharmaceutical manufacturing, and for other applications in
the food and drug sector. PVDF is resistant to most acids, alkalis, salts,
halogens, alcohols and chlorinated hydro-carbons. Strong polarized solvents,
such as ketones and esters, can cause the material to swell.
Resistant to most acids, alkalis, salts, halogens, alcohols and chlorinated
hydro-carbons
High mechanical strength,
Operating temperature range -20°C to 140°C
IR Welding
Components of Plastic Pressure Pipe Systems
There are four key components that make up a plastic pressure pipe system:
Pipes
Fittings
Valves
Accessories
The range of pipe diameters for each pipe system does vary. However, the size
ranges from 12mm to 400mm and 3/8" to 16".
Pipes
Pipes are extruded and are generally available in:
3m straight lengths
5m straight lengths
6m straight lengths
25m, 50m,100m, and 200m coils are used for LDPE and MDPE (See note below)
Note: Coils are only used up to 90mm in LDPE and MDPE byond this 6m straight
lengths are the norm.
Pipe fittings
Pipe fittings are moulded and the finished product is available as:
Tee 90° equal
Tee 90° reducing
Tee 45°
Cross equal
Elbow 90°
Elbow 45°
Short Radius Bend 90°
Socket/coupler
Socket/coupler reducing
Union
End Caps
Reducing Bush
Stub Flange
Full Face Flange
Blanking Flange
Composite Union (Brass BSP Thread one side, plain plastic socket the other)
Valves
Valves are moulded and the finished product is available as:
Ball Valve
Multi Port Ball Valve
Butterfly valve
Spring Check Non Return Valve
Ball Check Non Return Valve
Swing Check Non Return Valve
Diaphragm valve
Knife Gate Valve
Globe Valves
Pressure Relief Valves
Pressure Reducing Valves
Accessories
Accessories are available as:
Solvent Cement Glue
Cleaner
Brushes
PTFE Tape
Pipe Clips and Fixings
Mild Steel Backing Ring
Plastic Backing Ring
Gaskets (EPDM and FPM)
Note: EPDM = ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber FPM = Fluoropolymer
Connection
Connection of a Plastic Pressure Pipe System can be achieved by the following
methods:
Solvent Cement Glue
Fusion Welding
Mechanical Joint, Flange, Compression, BSP or NPT Thread
IR Welding
Solvent Cement Glue
Supplied in 125ml, 500ml and 1L tins
Pipe support and hanging
When supporting or hanging plastic pipe systems there are a few factors that
have to be considered, so that the correct pipe supports can be selected.
Material and type of plastic pipe system
Outside diameter of the plastic pipe
Temperature of fluid or medium
These factors are interlinked and only when all have been addressed can the
correct type of pipe supports be selected. The above information is also
critical for determining the distance between each pipe support, this is
referred to in the industry as pipe centers or pipe centres depending on your
country of origin.
Safety Factors
Each component within a Plastic Pressure Pipe System is given a pressure marking
relating to the amount of pressure it can sustain. However, each manufacturer
tests the product beyond its individual rating so that a safety factor can be
quoted. With all pressurised systems there can be spikes hence the need for
safety factors. In general, each manufacturer tests their product to the
following safety factors:
Pipes = X 1.5 the product pressure rating
Pipe fittings = X 3 the product pressure rating
Valves = X 3 the product pressure rating
Note: This information is provided for the purpose of explaining why a safety
factor exists. Each manufacturer has their own safety factors to which you must
refer.
Standards and Approvals
WRAS
Water Regulations Advisory Scheme tested by: WRc (Water Research Centre)
Required standard for any plastic pressure pipe system that connects to a
drinking water / potable water source.
BSI
British Standards Institute (BSI Group)
BS 3505:1986 Specification for PVC-U pressure pipes for cold potable water.
Replaced By BS EN 1452-1 to 5 :2000 but remains current.
BS 4346-3:1982 Specification for PVC-U joints and fittings for use with PVC-U
pressure pipes and specification for solvent cement.
Partially replaced by parts 1 to 5 of BS EN 1452
BS 5391-Part 1:1976 Specification for ABS pressure pipes for industrial use
BS 5392-Part 1:1976 Specification for ABS solvent cement fittings for industrial
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